China Proposes List of WOOL and CASHMERE Fibers under the "30-FOR-30” Tariff Reductions

On September 27, 2026, The United States and China reached an understanding on the “30-for-30” framework to be operationalized by the U.S.-China Board of Trade.

Previously, the United States and China agreed to establish a government-to-government “U.S.-China Board of Trade.” The two sides also agreed that the initial focus of the Board of Trade is to be on a dialogue to consider lists of mutually agreed upon imported goods totaling roughly $30 billion on each side, with a view toward providing reduced tariff treatment to those goods in a reciprocal manner. The two sides further agreed to work expeditiously to identify certain goods for inclusion in the “30-for-30” framework.

The Deputies to the U.S. and Chinese Principals have taken the lead in developing proposed lists of products for inclusion in the “30-for-30” framework for consideration by the Principals, with support from staff. The Principals have approved two comparably valued lists of products, including a list of U.S. products for import into China and a list of Chinese products for import into the United States. The values attributable to the products on the two lists were determined by reference to annual bilateral trade values for calendar year 2024. Future tariff reductions involving the products on the two approved lists will be determined and implemented in accordance with each side’s domestic legal processes.

Articles Proposed for Reduction of Chinese Import Tariff when Imported from America			
HTS	English Description		Chinese Description
5101.10	Greasy, including fleece-washed wool		
5101.11		Shorn wool	未梳的含脂剪羊毛
5101.19		Other	未梳的其他含脂羊毛
5101.20	Degreased, not carbonised		
5101.21		Shorn wool	未梳的脱脂剪羊毛
5101.29		Other	
5101.30	Carbonised		未梳的其他脱脂羊毛
5102.10	Fine animal hair 		
5102.11		Of Kashmir (cashmere) goats	未梳碳化羊毛
5102.19		Other	未梳喀什米尔山羊毛
5102.19		Other	未梳兔毛
5102.19		Other	未梳其他山羊绒
5102.19		Other	未梳骆驼毛、骆驼绒
5102.20	Coarse animal hair		未梳的其他动物细毛
5103.10	Noils of wool or of fine animal hair		未梳的动物粗毛
5103.10	Noils of wool or of fine animal hair		羊毛落毛
5103.20	Other waste of wool or of fine animal hair		其他动物细毛落毛
5103.20	Other waste of wool or of fine animal hair		羊毛废料
5103.30	Waste of coarse animal hair		其他动物细毛废料
5104.00	Garnetted stock of wool or of fine or coarse animal hair		
5105.10	Carded wool		
5105.20		Shorn wool	
5105.21		Combed wool in fragments	
5105.29		Other	
5105.30	Fine animal hair, carded or combed		
5105.31		Of Kashmir (cashmere) goats	
5105.39		Other	
5105.40	Coarse animal hair, carded or combed		

President Imposed Tariffs of 10% to 12.5% on 60 Nations

On July 28, 2026, the Executive Office of the President published in the Federal Register (91 FR 47717) Actions by the United States in the Investigations Under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 of the Acts, Policies, and Practices of 60 Economies Related to the Failure of Each Economy To Impose and Effectively Enforce a Prohibition on the Importation of Goods Produced With Forced Labor.

Statement by Canadian Minister LeBlanc on the imposition by the U.S. of Section 301 Tariffs related to forced labour practices

The Honourable Dominic LeBlanc, President of the King’s Privy Council for Canada and Minister responsible for Canada-U.S. Trade, Intergovernmental Affairs, Internal Trade and One Canadian Economy, issued the following statement following the publication by the United States of its notice of final action in the context of the Section 301 investigations on forced labour practices:

“Today, the United States announced its intention to impose tariffs under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 on 60 economies worldwide, including Canada.

Section Forced Labor Tariffs from 10% to 12.5% Imposed on 60 Nations

On July 23, 2026, Ambassador Jamieson Greer took final action, at President Trump’s direction, under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 by imposing tariffs on 60 economies for their failure to impose and effectively enforce a prohibition on the importation of goods produced with forced labor. This action comes after the Office of the United States Trade Representative’s (USTR) investigations, which included two rounds of public hearings, more than 2,100 public comments, and engagement with our trading partners to remedy these longstanding concerns.

10 percent rate of Section 301 duties will be imposed for investigated economies that (i) impose a forced labor import prohibition; (ii) have committed to impose and enforce such a prohibition through an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade; or (iii) have imposed a partial regime with the effect of preventing the importation of certain forced labor goods. These economies are:

• Argentina,
• Bangladesh,
• Cambodia,
• Canada,
• Ecuador,
• El Salvador,
• Guatemala,
• Honduras,
• India,
• Indonesia,
• Jordan,
• Malaysia,
• Mexico,
• Pakistan,
• Sri Lanka,
• Trinidad and Tobago, and
• United Kingdom.

10 percent or 12.5 percent, net of Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) rate will be imposed for certain products of the European Union, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and Switzerland.

12.5 percent will be imposed for all other investigated economies.

See: Scheduled Federal Register Notice.

Update on Sec. 301 Tariff Actions

On July 2, 2026, the Congressional Research Service published IF 11346, "Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974."

Title III of the Trade Act of 1974 (Sections 301-310, 19 U.S.C. §§2411-2420), titled "Relief from Unfair Trade Practices," is often collectively referred to as "Section 301." Under Section 301, Congress grants the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) a range of responsibilities and authorities to investigate and take action (e.g., impose a tariff) to enforce U.S. rights under trade agreements or respond to certain foreign trade practices. As of June 2026, the second Trump Administration has initiated six investigations; four are ongoing and two investigations were completed in June 2026.

Notice of Determination in Brazil 301 Investigation

On June 4, 2026, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative published in the Federal Register (91 FR 33854) Notice of Determination and Request for Comments Concerning Action Pursuant to Section 301: Brazil’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Digital Trade and Electronic Payment Services; Unfair, Preferential Tariffs; Anti-Corruption Enforcement; Intellectual Property Protection; Ethanol Market Access; and Illegal Deforestation.

SUMMARY: The United States Trade Representative (Trade Representative) has determined that certain of Brazil’s acts, policies, and practices at issue in this investigation are actionable under Section 301(b) and Section 304(a) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (Trade Act). The Trade Representative is proposing action, including tariffs on articles of Brazil and certain exemptions, and invites comments from the public.

DATES: July 1, 2026: Due date for written comments.

Vietnam 301 Investigation Initiated

On June 2, 2026, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative published in the Federal Register (91 FR 33285) Initiation of Section 301 Investigation and Request for Public Comments: Vietnam’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Intellectual Property Protection and Enforcement.

SUMMARY: Pursuant to section 182(a)(2) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (Trade Act), the U.S. Trade Representative (Trade Representative) identified Vietnam as a priority foreign country due to Vietnam's denial of adequate and effective protection of intellectual property (IP) rights and its denial of fair and equitable market access to persons that rely on IP protection. Pursuant to section 302(b)(2) of the Trade Act, the Trade Representative is initiating a Section 301 investigation of the acts, policies, and practices of the Government of Vietnam related to IP protection and enforcement that resulted in the identification of Vietnam as a priority foreign country. The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) proposes to determine that these acts, policies, and practices are actionable under section 301(b). USTR invites interested persons to submit written comments concerning the issues covered in the investigation.

Initiation of Second Four-Year Review China 301 Tariffs

On May 6, 2026, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative published in the Federal Register (91 FR 24636) Initiation of Second Four-Year Review Process: China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation.

SUMMARY: The U.S. Trade Representative is commencing the second, statutory four-year review of the two actions taken under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (Trade Act), in the investigation of China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation. The two actions were effective, respectively, on July 6, 2018, and August 23, 2018, and subsequently were modified by imposing additional duties on supplemental lists of products, by the temporary removal of duties on certain products through product exclusions, and through the first, statutory four-year review. The first step in the four-year review process is notifying representatives of domestic industries which benefit from the actions of the possible termination of the actions and of the opportunity for these representatives to request continuation of the actions. Requests for continuation must be received in the 60-day window prior to the second four-year anniversary of the respective action: (1) between May 7, 2026, and July 5, 2026, for the July 6, 2018, action; and (2) between June 24, 2026, and August 22, 2026, for the August 23, 2018, action. The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is notifying interested parties of these two time windows for representatives of domestic industries which benefit from the trade actions to request continuation of the corresponding trade actions through the USTR website portal.

If the trade actions continue as a result of one or more requests from representatives ofdomestic industries which benefit from the actions, USTR will proceed with the next phase of the review of the trade actions. The second phase of the review would be announced in one or more subsequent notices and would provide opportunities for public comments from all interested parties.

DATES:

• For the July 6, 2018, trade action, the web portal at https://comments.ustr.gov/s/ will open for requests to continue the action on May 7, 2026, and close at 11:59 p.m. on July 5, 2026.
• For the August 23, 2018, trade action, the web portal at https://comments.ustr.gov/s/ will open for requests to continue the action on June 24, 2026, and close at 11:59 p.m. on August 22, 2026.

Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974

March 13, 2026, the Congressional Research Service published an updated version report "Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974."

Title III of the Trade Act of 1974 (Sections 301-310, 19 U.S.C. §§2411-2420), titled "Relief from Unfair Trade Practices," is often collectively referred to as "Section 301." Under Section 301, Congress grants the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) a range of responsibilities and authorities to investigate and take action (e.g., impose a tariff) to enforce U.S. rights under trade agreements and respond to certain foreign trade practices. As of March 2026, there are four ongoing investigations under Section 301. In 2025, the second Trump Administration initiated investigations related to various practices by Brazil and the implementation of the commitments made under the "Phase One" agreement by the People's Republic of China (PRC, or China). In 2026, the Administration initiated two investigations into excess industrial capacity (14 countries and the European Union) and action on forced labor practices (59 countries and the European Union). Tariffs on imports from China imposed in 2018 under Section 301 during the first Trump Administration remain in effect.

The 119th Congress could consider the effectiveness of USTR's Section 301 actions in deterring certain foreign trade practices, the impact of actions taken under Section 301 on the U.S. economy, and whether the authorities are being used in the way Congress intends.

Read more HERE.

USTR Initiates 60 Section 301 Investigations Relating to Failures to Take Action on Forced Labor

March 12, 2026, COMBATING FORCED LABOR IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: Today, the United States Trade Representative, Ambassador Jamieson Greer, launched Section 301 nvestigations into acts, policies, and practices of 60 economies relating to the failure to impose and effectively enforce a prohibition on the importation of goods produced with forced labor.

• Forced labor may be understood as work or service extracted from a person under the menace of any penalty for its nonperformance and for which the worker does not offer himself voluntarily.
• For almost 100 years, U.S. law has prohibited the importation of goods mined, produced, or manufactured in whole or in part with forced labor.  International law also universally recognizes that forced labor should not be tolerated.
• However, despite this longstanding consensus, the use of forced labor across the world continues to persist and has even increased in recent years.  
  • For example, the International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that as of 2021, 28 million people globally are in forced labor, an increase of 2.7 million since 2016.
• Companies using forced labor benefit from artificially lower labor costs, and, as a result, are able to sell their goods at a lower price than they would otherwise.  This disadvantages U.S. workers and exporters.
• Ending forced labor is a key priority and an economic and national security imperative for the United States.
• These investigations will focus on 60 top U.S. trading partners, collectively covering more than 99% of U.S. imports in 2024.  The 60 trading partners subject to these investigations are listed in the Annex below.
  • Some trading partners have adopted measures intended to stop the importation or sale of goods produced using forced labor.  Additionally, in the context of ongoing U.S. reciprocal trade agreement negotiations, several countries have committed to adopt such measures.  However, none of the economies subject to these investigations appears to have both adopted and effectively enforced a forced labor import prohibition to date.
  • These investigations will examine whether these acts, policies, or practices burden or restrict U.S. commerce, and what action, if any, should be taken.

ADDRESSING UNFAIR COMPETITION IN THE GLOBAL MARKET: Ambassador Greer is launching these investigations pursuant to Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (Trade Act), which authorizes action to respond to unjustifiable, unreasonable, or discriminatory acts, policies, or practices that burden or restrict U.S. commerce.  

• Under Section 302(b) of the Trade Act, the U.S. Trade Representative (Trade Representative) may self-initiate an investigation under Section 301.
• Upon initiation of these investigations, the Trade Representative must seek consultations with the economies whose acts, policies, or practices are under investigation.  The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) has requested consultations with the governments of the 60 investigated economies.
• As explained in a formal notice, USTR is inviting public comments by April 15 and will hold a public hearing covering each investigated economy starting on April 28.

ANNEX

Economies subject to these investigations:
1.    Algeria
2.    Angola
3.    Argentina
4.    Australia
5.    The Bahamas
6.    Bahrain
7.    Bangladesh
8.    Brazil
9.    Cambodia
10.    Canada
11.    Chile
12.    China, People’s Republic of
13.    Colombia
14.    Costa Rica
15.    Dominican Republic
16.    Ecuador
17.    Egypt
18.    El Salvador
19.    European Union
20.    Guatemala
21.    Guyana
22.    Honduras
23.    Hong Kong, China
24.    India
25.    Indonesia
26.    Iraq
27.    Israel
28.    Japan
29.    Jordan
30.    Kazakhstan
31.    Kuwait
32.    Libya
33.    Malaysia
34.    Mexico
35.    Morocco
36.    New Zealand
37.    Nicaragua
38.    Nigeria
39.    Norway
40.    Oman
41.    Pakistan
42.    Peru
43.    Philippines
44.    Qatar
45.    Russia
46.    Saudi Arabia
47.    Singapore
48.    South Africa
49.    South Korea
50.    Sri Lanka
51.    Switzerland
52.    Taiwan
53.    Thailand
54.    Trinidad and Tobago
55.    Türkiye
56.    United Arab Emirates
57.    United Kingdom
58.    Uruguay
59.    Venezuela
60.    Vietnam

U.S.-China Tariff Actions Since 2018: An Overview

February 26, 2026, the Congressional Research Service published an updated version of the CRS publication "U.S.-China Tariff Actions Since 2018: An Overview" (IF12990).

Since 2018, the U.S. government has imposed a series of tariffs on imports from the People's Republic of China (PRC, or China) with the stated intention of addressing U.S. concerns about PRC trade practices and foreign policies.

Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974

Title III of the Trade Act of 1974 (Sections 301-310, 19 U.S.C. §§2411-2420), titled "Relief from Unfair Trade Practices," is often collectively referred to as "Section 301." Under Section 301, Congress grants the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) a range of responsibilities and authorities to investigate and take action (e.g., impose a tariff) to enforce U.S. rights under trade agreements and respond to certain foreign trade practices. There are two ongoing investigations under Section 301 related to various practices by Brazil and the implementation of the commitments made under the "Phase One" agreement by the People's Republic of China (PRC, or China). USTR recently concluded investigations into PRC shipping practices, PRC semiconductor practices, and labor and human rights practices in Nicaragua. Tariffs on imports from China imposed in 2018 under Section 301 during the first Trump Administration remain in effect.

The 119th Congress could consider the effectiveness of USTR's Section 301 actions in deterring certain foreign trade practices, the impact of actions taken under Section 301 on the U.S. economy, and whether the authorities are being used in the way Congress intends.

From the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 until the first Trump Administration, the United States used Section 301 primarily to build cases and pursue dispute settlement at the WTO. The first Trump Administration investigated foreign trade practices under Section 301 six times. Two investigations into China and the European Union (EU) resulted in the imposition of tariffs. In 2020, USTR imposed tariffs on imports from the EU under Section 301 based on the findings of a WTO dispute settlement body decision on EU subsidies on civil aircraft. Those tariffs were suspended in 2021.

Following a 2017 investigation into PRC practices related to forced technology transfer, intellectual property rights, and innovation, in 2018 USTR imposed tariffs ranging from 7.5% to 25% on around $370 billion worth of U.S. imports from China. In May 2024, under the Biden Administration, USTR concluded the statutory four-year review of Section 301 actions and their impact on the U.S. economy. Following the review, USTR maintained existing tariffs and increased tariffs on certain products (e.g., electric vehicles).

In 2024, the Biden Administration initiated three investigations under Section 301 that were completed in 2025. In each case, USTR determined that the policies under investigation were actionable under Section 301 but has not implemented actions that would increase tariffs or other import restrictions. Investigations into labor and human rights practices in Nicaragua (see text box) and PRC policies in the semiconductor industry, both initiated in December 2024, were determined to be actionable under Section 301 in late 2025 but resulted in no immediate additional tariffs. An investigation into PRC shipping and shipbuilding practices, initiated in April 2024, resulted in a January 2025 finding by the Biden Administration that PRC practices in this sector burden or restrict U.S. commerce, but proposed port fees and tariffs were suspended in 2025.

Read more HERE.

Notice of Product Exclusion Extensions: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation

On September 2, 2025, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative published in the Federal Register (90 FR 42500) Notice of Product Exclusion Extensions: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation.

The modifications announced in the annexes to this notice further extend the exclusions through November 29, 2025.

: In prior notices, the U.S. Trade Representative modified the actions in the Section 301 investigation of China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation by excluding from additional duties certain products of China. This notice announces the U.S. Trade Representative’s determination to further extend the current exclusions.

On December 29, 2023, USTR invited the public to submit comments on whether to extend 352 previously reinstated exclusions and 77 COVID related exclusions. See 88 FR 90225 (December 29, 2023) (the December 29, 2023 notice). On May 30, 2024, USTR announced the extension of 164 of these exclusions through May 31, 2025. See 89 FR 46948 (May 30, 2024) (the May 30, 2024 notice).

In connection with the four-yearv review, on September 18, 2024, USTR announced fourteen exclusions covering certain solar manufacturing equipment See 89 FR 76581 (September 18, 2024) (the September 18, 2024 notice). The fourteen exclusions were effective from January 1, 2024 through May 31, 2025.

For additional background on the fouryear review, see previous notices issued in the investigation, including the September 18, 2024 notice.

On May 31, 2025, USTR announced the further extension of the 164 exclusions extended in May 2024 and the fourteen exclusions granted in September 2024. See 90 FR 23987 (June 5, 2025) (the June 5, 2025 notice). These 178 exclusions were further extended through August 31, 2025.

U.S.-China Tariff Actions Since 2018: An Overview

Congressional Research Service Report IF 12990, U.S.-China Tariff Actions Since 2018: An Overview

Since 2018, the U.S. government has imposed a series of tariffs on imports from the People's Republic of China (PRC, or China) with the v intention of addressing U.S. concerns about PRC trade practices and foreign policies. Since January 2025, the Trump Administration's trade policy and tariff actions have maintained a focus on China among other countries. Some actions explicitly target China; others involve sectors that affect China. The PRC has responded to U.S. tariffs with its own tariffs and market restrictions. Given the trade imbalance (China exports to the United States more than four times what it imports), China has fewer goods on which to raise tariffs. China has focused its tariffs on top U.S. exports and canceled orders, implemented export controls on some production inputs, and imposed market restrictions on some U.S. firms. Both sides have exempted some products from tariffs. Members of Congress may consider whether to support, modify, or oppose the Administration's approach to tariffs; whether to sustain, expand, or pull back trade authorities Congress delegated to the President; and whether to require approval by Congress for trade deals that result in tariff changes.

Notice of Determination Pursuant to Section 301: China’s Targeting of the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance

On January 23, 2025, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative published in the Federal Register (90 FR 8089) Notice of Determination Pursuant to Section 301: China’s Targeting of the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance.

U.S. Opens 301 Investigation of Nicaragua

p>On ecember 13, 2024, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative published in the Federal Register (89 FR 101088) Initiation of Section 301 Investigation, Hearing, and Request for Public Comments: Nicaragua’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Labor Rights, Human Rights, and Rule of Law.

The U.S. Representative has initiated an investigation of Nicaragua’s acts, policies, and practices related to labor rights, human rights, and the rule of law. The inter-agency Section 301 Committee is holding a public hearing and seeking public comments in connection with this investigation.

Request for Comments on Proposed Modifications: China’s Acts, Policies and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property and Innovation.

On September 24, 2024, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative published in the Federal Register (89 FR 77958 Request for Comments on Proposed Modifications: China’s Acts, Policies and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property and Innovation.

Initiation of Section 301 Investigation: China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Targeting the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance

On April 22, 20214, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative published in the Federal Register (89 FR 29424 Initiation of Section 301 Investigation: China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Targeting the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance.

On March 12, 2024, five labor unions filed a Section 301 petition regarding the acts, policies, and practices of China to dominate the maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sector. The petition was filed pursuant to section 302(a)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (Trade Act) (19 U.S.C. 2412(a)(1)), requesting action pursuant to Section 301(b) (19 U.S.C. 2411(b)).

The five petitioners are the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union, AFL-CIO CLC (USW), the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers and Helpers, AFL-CIO/CLC (IBB), the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM), and the Maritime Trades Department of the AFL-CIO (MTD).

Trump Proposes 60% Tariff on China

See also CNBC Trump floats ‘more than’ 60% tariffs

Request for Comments on China 301

On October 17, 2022, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative published in the Federal Register (87 FR 62914) [Docket Number USTR-2022-0014] Request for Comments in Four-Year Review of Actions Taken in the Section 301 Investigation: China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation

SUMMARY: USTR is conducting a four-year review of the July 6, 2018 action, as modified, and the August 23, 2018 action, as modified, in the section 301 investigation of China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation. As part of the review, USTR is seeking public comments on the effectiveness of the actions in achieving the objectives of the investigation, other actions that could be taken, and the effects of such actions on the United States economy, including consumers.

DATES:

November 15, 2022 at 12:01 a.m. EST: The public docket on the web portal at https://comments.USTR.gov will open for interested persons to submit comments.

January 17, 2023 at 11:59 p.m. EST: To be assured of consideration, submit written comments on the public docket by this date.