China Proposes List of WOOL and CASHMERE Fibers under the "30-FOR-30” Tariff Reductions

On September 27, 2026, The United States and China reached an understanding on the “30-for-30” framework to be operationalized by the U.S.-China Board of Trade.

Previously, the United States and China agreed to establish a government-to-government “U.S.-China Board of Trade.” The two sides also agreed that the initial focus of the Board of Trade is to be on a dialogue to consider lists of mutually agreed upon imported goods totaling roughly $30 billion on each side, with a view toward providing reduced tariff treatment to those goods in a reciprocal manner. The two sides further agreed to work expeditiously to identify certain goods for inclusion in the “30-for-30” framework.

The Deputies to the U.S. and Chinese Principals have taken the lead in developing proposed lists of products for inclusion in the “30-for-30” framework for consideration by the Principals, with support from staff. The Principals have approved two comparably valued lists of products, including a list of U.S. products for import into China and a list of Chinese products for import into the United States. The values attributable to the products on the two lists were determined by reference to annual bilateral trade values for calendar year 2024. Future tariff reductions involving the products on the two approved lists will be determined and implemented in accordance with each side’s domestic legal processes.

Articles Proposed for Reduction of Chinese Import Tariff when Imported from America			
HTS	English Description		Chinese Description
5101.10	Greasy, including fleece-washed wool		
5101.11		Shorn wool	未梳的含脂剪羊毛
5101.19		Other	未梳的其他含脂羊毛
5101.20	Degreased, not carbonised		
5101.21		Shorn wool	未梳的脱脂剪羊毛
5101.29		Other	
5101.30	Carbonised		未梳的其他脱脂羊毛
5102.10	Fine animal hair 		
5102.11		Of Kashmir (cashmere) goats	未梳碳化羊毛
5102.19		Other	未梳喀什米尔山羊毛
5102.19		Other	未梳兔毛
5102.19		Other	未梳其他山羊绒
5102.19		Other	未梳骆驼毛、骆驼绒
5102.20	Coarse animal hair		未梳的其他动物细毛
5103.10	Noils of wool or of fine animal hair		未梳的动物粗毛
5103.10	Noils of wool or of fine animal hair		羊毛落毛
5103.20	Other waste of wool or of fine animal hair		其他动物细毛落毛
5103.20	Other waste of wool or of fine animal hair		羊毛废料
5103.30	Waste of coarse animal hair		其他动物细毛废料
5104.00	Garnetted stock of wool or of fine or coarse animal hair		
5105.10	Carded wool		
5105.20		Shorn wool	
5105.21		Combed wool in fragments	
5105.29		Other	
5105.30	Fine animal hair, carded or combed		
5105.31		Of Kashmir (cashmere) goats	
5105.39		Other	
5105.40	Coarse animal hair, carded or combed		

U.S. Proposes List of Textile Made-up Articles under the "30-FOR-30” Reductions

On September 27, 2026, The United States and China reached an understanding on the “30-for-30” framework to be operationalized by the U.S.-China Board of Trade.

Previously, the United States and China agreed to establish a government-to-government “U.S.-China Board of Trade.” The two sides also agreed that the initial focus of the Board of Trade is to be on a dialogue to consider lists of mutually agreed upon imported goods totaling roughly $30 billion on each side, with a view toward providing reduced tariff treatment to those goods in a reciprocal manner. The two sides further agreed to work expeditiously to identify certain goods for inclusion in the “30-for-30” framework.

The Deputies to the U.S. and Chinese Principals have taken the lead in developing proposed lists of products for inclusion in the “30-for-30” framework for consideration by the Principals, with support from staff. The Principals have approved two comparably valued lists of products, including a list of U.S. products for import into China and a list of Chinese products for import into the United States. The values attributable to the products on the two lists were determined by reference to annual bilateral trade values for calendar year 2024. Future tariff reductions involving the products on the two approved lists will be determined and implemented in accordance with each side’s domestic legal processes.

Articles Proposed for Reduction of American Import Tariff when Imported from China	
HTS	English Description
6301.10.00	Electric blankets
6301.20.00	Blankets (other than electric blankets) and traveling rugs, of wool or fine animal hair
6302.29.00	Bed linen, not knitted or crocheted, printed, of textile materials nesoi
6302.39.00	Bed linen, not knitted or crocheted, not printed, of textile materials NESOI
6302.40.20	Table linen, knitted or crocheted, nesoi
6302.59.10	Tablecloths and napkins of flax, not knitted or crocheted
6302.59.20	Table linen of flax, other than tablecloths and napkins, not knitted or crocheted
6302.59.30	Table linen, of textile materials other than of cotton, flax or man-made fibers, not knitted or crocheted
6302.99.10	Toilet and kitchen linen of textile materials nesoi, containing 85% or more by weight of silk or silk waste
6302.99.15	Toilet and kitchen linen of flax
6302.99.20	Toilet and kitchen linen of textile materials nesoi, containing less than 85% by weight of silk or silk waste
6303.19.21	Curtains (including drapes),interior blinds and valances of textile materials other than of cotton or synthetic fibers, knitted or crocheted
6304.99.10	Wall hangings, not knitted or crocheted, of wool or fine animal hair, the foregoing certified hand-loomed and folklore products
6304.99.15	Wall hangings, not knitted or crocheted, of wool or fine animal hair, NESOI
6304.99.25	Wall hangings of jute, excluding those of heading 9404
6304.99.35	Furnishing articles (excl. those of heading 9404 and other than bedspreads and jute wall hangings) of veg. fibers (excl. cotton), not k/c
6304.99.40	Certified hand-loomed and folklore pillow covers of wool or fine animal hair, not knitted or crocheted
6601.10.00	Garden or similar umbrellas

A shoe factory fire that killed 28 highlights China’s persisting worker safety risks

July 10, 2026, Authorities were investigating a blaze at a shoe factory in southeastern China’s Fujian province that killed 28 people, raising renewed concern over worker safety.

Read more at the Associated Press.

Made in China 2025 and China’s Industrial Policies

On June 2, 2026, the Congressional Research Service published Made in China 2025 and China’s Industrial Policies (IF10964). The People's Republic of China (PRC or China) aims to gain a global economic and technology leadership position through a range of industrial and science and technology (S&T) plans. Such plans inform PRC economic, industrial, S&T, and foreign trade and investment policies. They also guide PRC government and corporate strategies and activities at the national, local, and global levels. The industries, projects, and technologies featured in the plans reflect co-developed PRC civilian and military priorities that are to receive preferential financial and policy support. PRC plans and related policies feature a heavy government role in directing and funding PRC firms to acquire foreign technology and related capabilities in areas in which China has gaps and the United States has long been a global leader and has strong comparative advantages. Some Members of Congress have expressed concern that PRC policies, if successful, could undermine U.S. technological leadership; further shift advanced technology, production, and research to China; and support China's advancements, including in defense. The scope and scale of PRC efforts are evident in the amount of state direction and support devoted to these efforts; PRC policies to lead in all parts of global supply chains; and the targeting of foreign capabilities.

China's Industrial Policy Approaches

Tax, trade, and investment measures. China uses tax preferences to incentivize foreign firms to invest in production and R&D. China introduces market access restrictions as domestic products become viable. China uses standards, IP, competition, and procurement policies to facilitate the transfer of foreign production and know-how to China and to require the use of PRC suppliers.

Forced JVs and partnerships. China's formal regulations and informal practices require a foreign firm to partner with a PRC entity to operate in China and drive foreign firms into JVs. In many sectors (e.g., aerospace), China leverages its role as a major purchaser to press for JVs and technology transfer in order to develop indigenous capabilities. In most cases, the foreign firm's partner is a state firm or the PRC government.

Government subsidies. PRC government guidance funds (GGFs) channel state funding to PRC firms for domestic R&D and overseas acquisitions. GGFs often take a stake or board seat in firms they fund and can influence corporate decisionmaking.

Foreign acquisitions. GGFs target and fund acquisitions of foreign firms and use foreign firms' expertise, IP, talent pools, and business networks to build China's capabilities.

Technology licensing and equipment. Foreign technology and equipment fill key gaps in China's current capabilities. PRC firms are members of U.S.-led open-source technology platforms (e.g., RISC-V, the Open Compute Project, the O-RAN Alliance).

Talent recruitment and training. China encourages the return of PRC expatriates and the hiring of foreign talent. Many PRC technology firms have U.S. R&D centers. Many PRC nationals participate in U.S. federally funded research in areas that overlap with MIC2025 technologies.

Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates Consistent With the Economic and Trade Arrangement Between the United States and the People’s Republic of China

On November 7, 2025, the Executive Office of the President published in the Federal Register (90 FR 50729Executive Order 14358 of November 4, 2025) Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates Consistent With the Economic and Trade Arrangement Between the United States and the People’s Republic of China.

U.S.-China Tariff Actions Since 2018: An Overview

On August 28, 2025, the Congressional Research Service published U.S.-China Tariff Actions Since 2018: An Overview (IF 12990).

Since 2018, the U.S. government has imposed a series of tariffs on imports from the People's Republic of China (PRC, or China) with the stated intention of addressing U.S. concerns about PRC trade practices and foreign policies. Since January 2025, the Trump Administration's trade policy and tariff actions have maintained a focus on China among other countries. Some actions explicitly target China; others involve sectors that affect China. The PRC has responded to U.S. tariffs with its own tariffs and market restrictions. Given the trade imbalance (China exports to the United States more than four times what it imports), China has fewer goods on which to raise tariffs. China has focused its tariffs on top U.S. exports and canceled orders, implemented export controls on some production inputs, and imposed market restrictions on some U.S. firms. Both sides have exempted some products from tariffs. Members of Congress may consider whether to support, modify, or oppose the Administration's approach to tariffs; whether to sustain, expand, or pull back trade authorities Congress delegated to the President; and whether to require approval by Congress for trade deals that result in tariff changes.

U.S.-China Tariff Actions Since 2018: An Overview

Congressional Research Service Report IF 12990, U.S.-China Tariff Actions Since 2018: An Overview

Since 2018, the U.S. government has imposed a series of tariffs on imports from the People's Republic of China (PRC, or China) with the v intention of addressing U.S. concerns about PRC trade practices and foreign policies. Since January 2025, the Trump Administration's trade policy and tariff actions have maintained a focus on China among other countries. Some actions explicitly target China; others involve sectors that affect China. The PRC has responded to U.S. tariffs with its own tariffs and market restrictions. Given the trade imbalance (China exports to the United States more than four times what it imports), China has fewer goods on which to raise tariffs. China has focused its tariffs on top U.S. exports and canceled orders, implemented export controls on some production inputs, and imposed market restrictions on some U.S. firms. Both sides have exempted some products from tariffs. Members of Congress may consider whether to support, modify, or oppose the Administration's approach to tariffs; whether to sustain, expand, or pull back trade authorities Congress delegated to the President; and whether to require approval by Congress for trade deals that result in tariff changes.

Polyester Textured Yarn From China and India; Determinations

On June 24, 2025, the Internaion Trade Commission published in the Federal Register (90 FR 26827) Polyester Textured Yarn From China and India; Determinations.

On the basis of the record developed in the subject five-year reviews, the United States International Trade Commission (‘‘Commission’’) determines, pursuant to the Tariff Act of 1930 (‘‘the Act’’), that revocation of the antidumping and countervailing duty orders on polyester textured yarn from China and India would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury to an industry in the United States within a reasonably foreseeable time.

Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Discussions With the People’s Republic of China

On May 21, 2025, the Executive Office of the President published in the Federal Register (90 FR 21831) Executive Order 14298 of May 12, 2025 Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Discussions With the People’s Republic of China.

Polyester Textured Yarn From China and India; Scheduling of Expedited Five-Year Reviews

On April 21, 2025, the U.S. International Trade Commission published in the Federal Register (90 FR 16699) Polyester Textured Yarn From China and India; Scheduling of Expedited Five-Year Reviews

Polyester Textured Yarn From India and the People’s Republic of China: Final Results of the Expedited First Sunset Reviews of the Antidumping Duty Orders

On April 2, 2025, the International Trade Administration published in the Federal Register (90 FR 14432 Polyester Textured Yarn From India and the People’s Republic of China: Final Results of the Expedited First Sunset Reviews of the Antidumping Duty Orders

Amended Notice of Implementation of Additional Duties on Products of the People’s Republic of China

On February 12, 2025, U.S. Customs and Border Protection published in the Federal Register (90 FR 9431) Amended Notice of Implementation of Additional Duties on Products of the People’s Republic of China Pursuant to the President’s February 1, 2025 Executive Order Imposing Duties To Address the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People’s Republic of China.

Implementation of Additional Duties on Products of the People’s Republic of China Pursuant to the President’s February 1, 2025 Executive Order Imposing Duties To Address the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People’s Republic of China

On February 5, 2025, U.S. Customs and Border Protection published in the Federal Register (90 FR 9038) Implementation of Additional Duties on Products of the People’s Republic of China Pursuant to the President's February 1, 2025 Executive Order Imposing Duties To Address the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People’s Republic of China.

Polyester Textured Yarn From China and India; Notice of Institution of FiveYear Reviews

On December 2, 2024, the U.S. International Trade Commission published in the Federal Register (89 FR 95230) Polyester Textured Yarn From China and India; Notice of Institution of FiveYear Review.

The Commission hereby gives notice that it has instituted reviews pursuant to the Tariff Act of 1930 (‘‘the Act’’), as amended, to determine whether revocation of the antidumping and countervailing duty orders on polyester textured yarn from China and India would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury.

Polyester Textured Yarn AD and CVD Reviews

On November 5, 2024, the International Trade Administration published in the Federal Register (89 FR 87857) Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Order, Finding, or Suspended Investigation; Advance Notification of Sunset Review.

Every five years, pursuant to the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended the U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) and the U.S. International Trade Commission automatically initiate and conduct reviews to determine whether revocation of a countervailing or antidumping duty order or termination of an investigation suspended under section 704 or 734 of the Act would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of dumping or a countervailable subsidy (as the case may be) and of material injury.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Department contact
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Antidumping Duty Proceedings
 
Polyester Textured Yarn from China, A-570-097     Mary Kolberg, (202) 482-1785.
 (1st Review).
Polyester Textured Yarn from India, A-533-885     Mary Kolberg, (202) 482-1785.
 (1st Review).
 
         Countervailing Duty Proceedings
 
Polyester Textured Yarn from China, C-570-098     Mary Kolberg, (202) 482-1785.
 (1st Review).
Polyester Textured Yarn from India, C-533-886     Mary Kolberg, (202) 482-1785.
 (1st Review).
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Request for Comments on Proposed Modifications: China’s Acts, Policies and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property and Innovation.

On September 24, 2024, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative published in the Federal Register (89 FR 77958 Request for Comments on Proposed Modifications: China’s Acts, Policies and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property and Innovation.

Initiation of Section 301 Investigation: China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Targeting the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance

On April 22, 20214, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative published in the Federal Register (89 FR 29424 Initiation of Section 301 Investigation: China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Targeting the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance.

On March 12, 2024, five labor unions filed a Section 301 petition regarding the acts, policies, and practices of China to dominate the maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sector. The petition was filed pursuant to section 302(a)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (Trade Act) (19 U.S.C. 2412(a)(1)), requesting action pursuant to Section 301(b) (19 U.S.C. 2411(b)).

The five petitioners are the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union, AFL-CIO CLC (USW), the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers and Helpers, AFL-CIO/CLC (IBB), the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM), and the Maritime Trades Department of the AFL-CIO (MTD).

Fine Denier Polyester Staple Fiber From the People’s Republic of China, India, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan: Continuation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Orders

On April 11, 2024, the International Trade Administration published in the Federal Register (89 FR 25563) [A–570–060, A–533–875, A–580–893, A–583–860, C–570–061, C–533–876] Fine Denier Polyester Staple Fiber From the People’s Republic of China, India, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan: Continuation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Orders

AD/CVD Fine Denier Polyester Staple Fiber From China, India, South Korea, and Taiwan

On April 5, 2024, the U.S. International Trade Commmission published in the Federal Register (89 FR 24033) [Investigation Nos. 701–TA–579–580 and 731–TA–1369–1372 (Review)] Fine Denier Polyester Staple Fiber From China, India, South Korea, and Taiwan. On the basis of the record developed in the subject five-year reviews, the United States International Trade Commission ("Commission") determines, pursuant to the Tariff Act of 1930 ("the Act"), that revocation of the countervailing duty orders on fine denier polyester staple fiber ("fine denier PSF") from China and India and the antidumping duty orders on fine denier PSF from China, India, South Korea, and Taiwan would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury to an industry in the United States within a reasonably foreseeable time.

USTR Releases Annual Report on China's WTO Compliance

On February 23, 2024, the Office of the United States Trade Representative released its 2023 Report to Congress on China’s WTO Compliance, which details the Biden-Harris Administration’s assessment of the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) membership in the World Trade Organization.

“China remains the biggest challenge to the international trading system established by the World Trade Organization. It has been 22 years since China acceded to the WTO, and China still embraces a state-directed, non-market approach to the economy and trade, which runs counter to the norms and principles embodied by the WTO,” said Ambassador Katherine Tai. “Even more problematic, China’s approach targets industries for global market domination by Chinese companies using an array of constantly evolving non-market policies and practices. This report details the breadth and scale of China’s non-market policies and practices and the serious harm that they cause to workers, businesses, and industries in the United States and around the world. It is a stark reminder that the members of the international trading system must continue to work together to defend our shared interests against these many harmful policies and practices, particularly in sectors targeted by China’s industrial plans.”

The 2023 Report to Congress on China’s WTO Compliance is the 21st report prepared pursuant to section 421 of the U.S.-China Relations Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-286), 22 U.S.C. § 6951 (the Act), which requires the United States Trade Representative to report annually to Congress on compliance by the People’s Republic of China with commitments made in connection with its accession to the World Trade Organization, including both multilateral commitments and any bilateral commitments made to the United States. The report covers calendar year 2023. It also incorporates the findings of the Overseas Compliance Program, as required by section 413(b)(2) of the Act, 22 U.S.C. § 6943(b)(2).

The full report can be found her.